![]() Production and use of water conservation dams and reservoirs were also a community-based activities. Some of the petroglyphs were solar markers that marked seasonal passage of time between seasonal equinoxes and solstices based upon the suns position in the sky. Petroglyphs, which appeared in the Petrified Forest National Park during the Basketmaker periods, were made during the Pueblo II and III Periods throughout the Little Colorado River basin. Community based activities emerged, including ceremonial rituals in great kivas. Outlier of the Chaco Canyon regional system.Īgate House at Petrified Forest National Park in Arizona The multi-storied buildings had high ceilings, rooms with three or four times the space of domestic dwellings and elaborate kivas, such as great, tower and above ground kivas. The structures were much larger than previous dwellings. Elaborate, beautiful great houses from the Pueblo I Period continued to be built at Chaco Canyon into the 12th century. In the Mesa Verde National Park region, contiguous rows of rooms formed E, U and L shaped buildings, and were often formed around a plaza. It is likely that they hunter-gatherer tribes were either forced to seek foraging land in other areas or they assimilated themselves into the Pueblo agricultural lifestyle. ![]() Hunter-gatherer artifacts are not found much in the Four Corners region during this period. During the Pueblo II Period, nearly every spot in the southwest that would support farming not in a flood plain was used for agriculture. Due to the dry conditions in the southwest and growing population, communities responded by branching out and establishing new villages and farmland More than 10,000 sites were established in a 150-year period. Trash mounds were generally placed south of the village. Towers, up to 15 feet (4.6 m) tall, were built with housing clusters, with underground access to a kiva or as look-out posts. Large kivas, called great kivas, were built for community celebrations and were sometimes as large as 55 feet (17 m) in diameter. Round-shaped, below ground and standardized kivas were used for ceremonial purposes. Some pueblo sites used a standard plan of front and back pairs of rooms which formed a common cluster of 12 rooms The rear rooms were used for storage and the front rooms used as living areas. The grouping of the pueblos were called "unit pueblos". Homes made of stone were more sturdy and fire-proof than the materials used previously. By AD 1075, double-coursed masonry was sometimes used, which allowed for second story construction. Structures were generally made of stone masonry. Villages were larger and had more community buildings than in the Pueblo I Period. It is preceded by the Pueblo I Period, and is followed by the Pueblo III Period. The Pueblo II Period ( Pecos Classification) is roughly similar to the second half of the "Developmental Pueblo Period" (AD 750 to AD 1100). Communities with low-yield farms traded pottery with other settlements for maize. ![]() During this period people lived in dwellings made of stone and mortar, enjoyed communal activities in kivas, built towers and dams for water conservation, and implemented milling bins for processing maize. ![]() The Pueblo II Period (AD 900 to AD 1150) was the second pueblo period of the Ancestral Puebloans of the Four Corners region of the American southwest. Map of Ancient Pueblo People in the American Southwest and Mexico.
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